詩経
日月
Anonymous
日居月诸
照临下土
乃如之人兮
逝不古处
胡能有定
宁不我顾
日居月诸
下土是冒
乃如之人兮
逝不相好
胡能有定
宁不我报
日居月诸
出自东方
乃如之人兮
德音无良
胡能有定
俾也可忘
日居月诸
东方自出
父兮母兮
畜我不卒
胡能有定
报我不述
翻訳
O sun, O moon, you shine down upon the earth below. Yet such a person as he has gone and no longer lives with me as before. How can he have settled constancy? How can he not look back on me? O sun, O moon, you cover the earth below with light. Yet such a person as he has gone and no longer loves me. How can he have settled constancy? How can he not answer me? O sun, O moon, you rise from the east. Yet such a person as he — his fair name is no longer good. How can he have settled constancy? How can he make me able to forget? O sun, O moon, from the east you still come forth. Father, mother, you raised me, yet did not bring me to fulfillment. How can he have settled constancy? His return to me is not in the right way.
解説
"Ri Yue" is a poem of abandonment and grievance from the "Bei Feng" section of the Book of Songs. It is usually read as the voice of a woman whose husband or lover has turned away from her. The poem repeatedly invokes the sun and moon, as if calling upon cosmic witnesses to a human betrayal. The opening "O sun, O moon" places the complaint under the eyes of heaven. The sun and moon illuminate the whole earth; nothing should be hidden from them. The speaker's grief is not a private whim. She speaks as if the moral order of the world itself should recognize her wrong. "Yet such a person as he has gone and no longer lives with me as before" defines the wound. The man has not simply traveled; he has abandoned the former relationship. "As before" matters: the poem is about the collapse of an earlier intimacy. "How can he have settled constancy? How can he not look back on me?" These questions return throughout the poem. They are not requests for information. They are accusations in the form of questions. The speaker cannot understand how someone once bound to her can now act with such indifference. The second stanza makes the emotional breach even clearer: he no longer loves her or treats her with affection. She asks why he does not "answer" or "return" to her. The word suggests emotional reciprocity: she has given feeling, but receives no proper response. The third stanza is especially psychologically sharp. She says his "fair name" or moral reputation is no longer good. She recognizes his failure. Yet she immediately asks: how can he make me able to forget? This is the painful contradiction of abandonment. Moral judgment does not automatically end attachment. The final stanza turns to her parents: "Father, mother, you raised me, yet did not bring me to fulfillment." This is not a simple accusation against them. It is an expression of despair over her fate. She was raised into life and marriage, but the marriage has not given her completion or security. The poem's force lies in its questioning voice. The woman does not remain silent. She interrogates the man, calls upon the sun and moon, invokes her parents, and names the injustice of his conduct. "Ri Yue" is therefore not only a lament; it is a moral complaint against betrayal.
作者紹介
Anonymous, a poet from the pre-Qin period whose name is unknown. The Book of Songs (Shijing) is the earliest anthology of Chinese poetry, containing more than three hundred poems from roughly the early Western Zhou to the mid-Spring and Autumn period, divided into three sections: Airs (Feng), Elegantiae (Ya), and Hymns (Song). "Bei Feng" preserves songs from the Bei and Wei regions, many of which reflect politics, marriage, family conflict, social pressure, and deep emotional distress.