詩経
绿衣
Anonymous
绿兮衣兮
绿衣黄里
心之忧矣
曷维其已
绿兮衣兮
绿衣黄裳
心之忧矣
曷维其亡
绿兮丝兮
女所治兮
我思古人
俾无訧兮
絺兮绤兮
凄其以风
我思古人
实获我心
翻訳
Green, the robe, green robe with yellow lining. The sorrow in my heart — when will it ever cease? Green, the robe, green upper robe and yellow skirt. The sorrow in my heart — when will it ever disappear? Green, the silk, the thing you once arranged. I think of the one who is gone; she kept me from fault. Fine hemp cloth, coarse hemp cloth, the wind makes it cold and bleak. I think of the one who is gone; she truly possessed my heart.
解説
"Green Robe" is a mourning poem from the "Bei Feng" section of the Book of Songs. It is commonly read as the voice of a husband remembering his deceased wife. The poem does not describe death directly. Instead, it begins with clothing — a green garment, yellow lining, silk, hemp cloth — and lets the object carry the weight of memory. The first two stanzas repeat the image of the green robe. The garment's colors and layers are described carefully: green outside, yellow within; green upper garment, yellow lower garment. In some traditional readings, the inversion or contrast of colors may suggest disorder in household or ritual relations. But emotionally, the simplest point is powerful enough: the garment remains, while the person who handled it is gone. "The sorrow in my heart — when will it cease?" This repeated question has no answer. The grief is not momentary. It returns each time the speaker sees the robe. The third stanza makes the connection explicit: the green silk was something "you" arranged. The word "you" points to the absent beloved. The poem's grief is grounded in touch. The dead person's hands are remembered through the fabric she once managed, sewed, or prepared. "I think of the one who is gone; she kept me from fault." This line expands the wife's meaning. She was not merely an object of affection. She guided, corrected, and supported the speaker. Her absence is moral as well as emotional. Without her, he loses not only companionship, but a source of steadiness. The final stanza turns to hemp cloth and wind. Fine and coarse cloth, when struck by cold wind, becomes bleak. Clothing should protect the body, but here it intensifies the feeling of cold. That cold is also the coldness of bereavement. "She truly possessed my heart" is the poem's quiet conclusion. The grief is deep because the relationship was deep. She understood him, steadied him, and belonged to his inner life. The power of "Green Robe" lies in its restraint. It does not dramatize mourning. It shows how grief attaches itself to ordinary objects. A robe, thread, cloth, and wind become the surviving traces of a person who can no longer return.
作者紹介
Anonymous, a poet from the pre-Qin period whose name is unknown. The Book of Songs (Shijing) is the earliest anthology of Chinese poetry, containing more than three hundred poems from roughly the early Western Zhou to the mid-Spring and Autumn period, divided into three sections: Airs (Feng), Elegantiae (Ya), and Hymns (Song). "Bei Feng" preserves songs from the Bei and Wei regions, many of which reflect politics, marriage, family conflict, social pressure, and deep emotional distress.