詩経
江有汜
Anonymous
江有汜
之子归
不我以
不我以
其后也悔
江有渚
之子归
不我与
不我与
其后也处
江有沱
之子归
不我过
不我过
其啸也歌
翻訳
The river has its branch stream. That young woman went to her marriage, but she did not take me with her. She did not take me with her; afterward, she will regret it. The river has its islet. That young woman went to her marriage, but she did not keep me with her. She did not keep me with her; afterward, she will find her place. The river has its side channel. That young woman went to her marriage, but she did not come by me. She did not come by me; afterward, her sighing will become song.
解説
"Jiang You Si" is one of the more interpretively complex poems in the "Shao Nan" section of the Book of Songs. Traditional readings often understand it as the voice of a secondary woman or attendant not taken along when another woman marries. It may also be read more broadly as the voice of someone left out of a close person's transition into a new life. Its central emotion is exclusion. The opening image is a river with a branch stream. A great river should seem unified, yet it divides. This is the poem's governing image. Human relationships, too, can divide: one person goes forward into marriage, while another is left behind. "That young woman went to her marriage" uses the standard Book of Songs expression for a woman marrying into another household. The poem does not stand at the center of the wedding ceremony. It speaks from the edge of it. "She did not take me with her" is the first and sharpest complaint. The line is syntactically compact and emotionally blunt. The speaker then says that the other woman will later regret it. This is not calm blessing; it is the wounded pride of someone excluded. The second stanza changes the river image to an islet. The water is still divided by interruption and separation. "She did not keep me with her" repeats the emotional structure, but the ending shifts: "afterward, she will find her place." The tone seems less bitter than in the first stanza, as if the speaker is beginning to accept that the other person will settle elsewhere. The third stanza uses another river image, a side channel. "She did not come by me" suggests even greater distance. The relationship has moved from not being taken along, to not being accompanied, to not even being visited. The final line, "her sighing will become song," is ambiguous and suggestive. It may imply that sorrow will be transformed, or that both sides will eventually move from complaint toward self-consolation. The poem is powerful because it shows the shadow side of marriage and transition. Poems like "Tao Yao" and "Que Chao" celebrate marriage from the center. "Jiang You Si" asks what happens to those left outside the procession. Its river imagery makes separation feel natural, inevitable, and painful at once.
作者紹介
Anonymous, a poet from the pre-Qin period whose name is unknown. The Book of Songs (Shijing) is the earliest anthology of Chinese poetry, containing more than three hundred poems from roughly the early Western Zhou to the mid-Spring and Autumn period, divided into three sections: Airs (Feng), Elegantiae (Ya), and Hymns (Song). "Shao Nan," together with "Zhou Nan," forms the opening part of the "Airs of the States."